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1 Gropius, Walter Adolf
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 18 May 1883 Berlin, Germanyd. 5 July 1969 Boston, USA[br]German co-founder of the modern movement of architecture.[br]A year after he began practice as an architect, Gropius was responsible for the pace-setting Fagus shoe-last factory at Alfeld-an-der-Leine in Germany, one of the few of his buildings to survive the Second World War. Today the building does not appear unusual, but in 1911 it was a revolutionary prototype, heralding the glass curtain walled method of non-load-bearing cladding that later became ubiquitous. Made from glass, steel and reinforced concrete, this factory initiated a new concept, that of the International school of modern architecture.In 1919 Gropius was appointed to head the new School of Art and Design at Weimar, the Staatliches Bauhaus. The school had been formed by an amalgamation of the Grand Ducal schools of fine and applied arts founded in 1906. Here Gropius put into practice his strongly held views and he was so successful that this small college, which trained only a few hundred students in the limited years of its existence, became world famous, attracting artists, architects and students of quality from all over Europe.Gropius's idea was to set up an institution where students of all the arts and crafts could work together and learn from one another. He abhorred the artificial barriers that had come to exist between artists and craftsmen and saw them all as interdependent. He felt that manual dexterity was as essential as creative design. Every Bauhaus student, whatever the individual's field of work or talent, took the same original workshop training. When qualified they were able to understand and supervise all the aesthetic and constructional processes that made up the scope of their work.In 1924, because of political changes, the Weimar Bauhaus was closed, but Gropius was invited to go to Dessau to re-establish it in a new purpose-built school which he designed. This group of buildings became a prototype that designers of the new architectural form emulated. Gropius left the Bauhaus in 1928, only a few years before it was finally closed due to the growth of National Socialism. He moved to England in 1934, but because of a lack of architectural opportunities and encouragement he continued on his way to the USA, where he headed the Department of Architecture at Harvard University's Graduate School of Design from 1937 to 1952. After his retirement from there Gropius formed the Architect's Collaborative and, working with other architects such as Marcel Breuer and Pietro Belluschi, designed a number of buildings (for example, the US Embassy in Athens (1960) and the Pan Am Building in New York (1963)).[br]Bibliography1984, Scope of Total Architecture, Allen \& Unwin.Further ReadingN.Pevsner, 1936, Pioneers of the Modern Movement: From William Morris to Walter Gropius, Penguin.C.Jenck, 1973, Modern Movements in Architecture, Penguin.H.Probst and C.Shädlich, 1988, Walter Gropius, Berlin: Ernst \& Son.DY -
2 Gropius, Walter
Erläuterung wichtiger Begriffe des Bauwesens mit Abbildungen > Gropius, Walter
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3 Architecture and building
Biographical history of technology > Architecture and building
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GROPIUS, Walter — (1883 1969) Walter Gropius, the leading designer of the Bauhaus School in Dessau, helped to bring graphic design to the forefront of artistic importance. He began his career by opening an architectural office with Adolf Meyer, and the… … Historical Dictionary of Architecture
Gropius, Walter — (1883 1969) architect; director of the Bauhaus.* The son of a Berlin* architect, he began his own architectural studies in 1903 at Munich s Technische Hochschule. During 1906 1907 he constructed the first buildings of his own design for an… … Historical dictionary of Weimar Republik
Gropius, Walter — (1883 1969); Architekt (u. a.: Fagus Werke in Alfeld mit Adolf Meyer und Bauhaus in Dessau, 1925) und Architekturtheoretiker (Bauhausmanifest, 1919) … Erläuterung wichtiger Begriffe des Bauwesens
Walter Gropius — 1919 Meisterhäuser in … Deutsch Wikipedia
Walter Gropius — Infobox Architect caption=Walter Gropius (circa 1920). Photo by Louis Held. name=Walter Adolph Gropius nationality=German / American birth date=birth date|1883|5|18|mf=y birth place= Berlin, Germany death date=death date and… … Wikipedia
Adolf Meyer (Architekt) — Adolf Meyer (* 17. Juni 1881 in Mechernich, Eifel; † 14. Juli 1929 auf Baltrum) war ein deutscher Architekt. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 2 Bauten und Entwürfe 3 Schriften … Deutsch Wikipedia
GROPIUS (W.) — Préoccupé par le rôle de l’industrie, de la standardisation, des nouveaux matériaux et des techniques constructives, l’œuvre théorique et pratique de Walter Gropius s’inscrit d’emblée dans le projet de rationalisation de l’architecture qui… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Walter Gropius — Portrait par Louis Held vers 1919 Présentation Naissance 18 mai 1883 Berlin, Allemagne Décès … Wikipédia en Français
Walter Kyllmann — (* 16. Mai 1837 in Weyer (heute im Solinger Stadtteil Wald); † 10. Juli 1913 in Berlin Wannsee) war ein deutscher Architekt. In Zusammenarbeit mit Adolf Heyden (als Büro Kyllmann und Heyden) gehörte er zu den bekanntesten Berliner Architek … Deutsch Wikipedia
Gropius — Gropius, 1) Martin Philipp, Baumeister, * Berlin 11. 8. 1824, ✝ ebenda 13. 12. 1880, Großonkel von 2); errichtete mit Heino Schmieden (* 1835, ✝ 1913) zahlreiche klassizistische Bauten nach dem Vorbild K. F. Schinkels, v. a. in Berlin… … Universal-Lexikon
Adolf Meyer (architect) — Adolf Meyer (1881 – 1929) was a German architect. A student and employee of Peter Behrens, Meyer became the office boss of the firm of Walter Gropius around 1915 and a full partner afterwards. In 1919 Gropius appointed Meyer as a master at the… … Wikipedia
